Commonwealth Promenade Apartments

Commonwealth Promenade Apartments
  1. About the Commonwealth Promenade Apartments in Chicago
  2. Architect and team
  3. Architectureal style
  4. Spaces and uses
  5. Structure and materials

The Commonwealth Promenade Apartments is an International Style skyscraper designed by Mies van der Rohe, in association with Friedman, Alschuler & Sincere, and built between 1953 and 1956 in Chicago, IL.

Commonwealth Promenade Apartments is not the only name you might know this building by though. The building is, or has also been known as Commonwealth Plaza East.

Its precise street address is 330 West Diversey Parkway, Chicago, IL. You can also find it on the map here.

The Commonwealth Promenade Apartments consists of two 27-story apartment towers. The original project planned for four towers, but only the southern pair was completed.

Building's timeline

Construction begins
1953
71
Construction completed
1956
68
years ago
2024

Architect and team

Mies van der Rohe was the architecture firm in charge of the architectural design, in association with Friedman, Alschuler & Sincere.

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe was born in 1886 in Germany. During the first part of his career, he ran his own practice in Berlin, and later on became the director of the Bauhaus School of Architecture.

Mies is considered one of the fathers of modern architecture. His work played an instrumental role in defining the aesthetics of the International Style, emphasizing simplicity, clean lines, and the use of modern materials like steel and glass. His famous statement, "less is more" sums up his design philosophy, which advocated for the elimination of unnecessary ornamentation and a return to the fundamental principles of architecture.

After the Bauhaus was shut down by the Natzi regime, he emigrated to Chicago. There he became the director of the IIT School of Architecture, as well as ran his own architectural firm. During his years in Chicago he continued to explore and promote the principles of the International Style, and had a huge impact on the development of modern skyscrapers.

His legacy can not only be found spread throughout Europe and the US in the shape of iconic buildings such as the German Pavilion, the Tugendhat House, the Crown Hall or the Seagram Building, but also in the architecture curriculum he developed at the IIT which greatly influenced many generations of architects, even to this day.

Mies Van Der Rohe

Mies van der Rohe was in charge of the architectural design, however, architecture is a complex discipline, which usually involves many professionals from different fields, without whom this building would have not been possible. We will surely be leaving out a lot of names here, but at the very least we know that there was one other part involved, that was Herbert Greenwald as the Main Developer.

Architectural Style

The Commonwealth Promenade Apartments can be categorized as an International Style building.

The international style originated in Europe in the early 20th century, and made its way to the US a couple of decades later when the rise of the Nazi regime forced figures such as Walter Gropius, Marcel Breuer, or Mies van der Rohe to flee Europe.

The International Style emerged as a response to the prevailing historicism and ornate architecture styles of the late 19th century, which according to a younger generation of architects didn't represent the new materials and construction techniques that were on the rise at the time.

Architecture in the early 20th century US was marked by the adoption of steel structures, modern construction techniques, and the rise of the skyscraper. As it turns out, this combination of circumstances created the perfect ecosystem for the International Style to flourish, becoming the to-go style for skyscraper designs during the mid-20th century, when American cities were growing fast.

The International Style’s legacy can not only be found in numerous iconic buildings across all major American cities, but also incorporated in contemporary architecture, which still puts a big emphasis on functionality and minimalism.

The Commonwealth Promenade Apartments was completed in 1956. By 1956 the International Style movement had already left its early days behind and could be considered a mature movement, which does not mean it was loved and accepted by everyone, on the contrary. The International Style was accepted by the architecture community way before it was by the general public, and it is therefore likely that the Commonwealth Promenade Apartments was not well received by everyone at the time.

Spaces & Uses

The Commonwealth Promenade Apartments reaches an architectural height of 253ft (77m). It has a total of 27 floors.

Ever since opening its doors to the public in 1956, the Commonwealth Promenade Apartments has mainly been used as Residential space.

253ft (77m)

Materials & Structure

The Commonwealth Promenade Apartments uses a frame structure made of concrete/steel columns and concrete slabs.

A frame structure uses a combination of beams and columns to sustain the building's weight. The walls in this case are non-load bearing, which allows for more flexibility when distributing the interior spaces.

The facade is non-load bearing either, as it is common in frame structure type buildings.

The structural system of the towers is mixed. Reinforced concrete in the lower floors and steel in the upper ones. Ventilation and heating ducts were placed in the space between the curtain wall and the structural columns

From an aesthetic point of view, the facade features an aluminum and tinted glass skin. Each module is composed of two panes, a fixed glass at the top and a pivoting pane at the bottom to facilitate ventilation. This pane also included a built-in mosquito screen.

Due to thermal expansion of aluminum, expansion joints were necessary, which interrupt the continuity of the vertical lines on each floor.

The ground floor, consisting of two levels, steps back from the aluminum-clad structural columns, creating an open gallery before the glazing that encloses the foyer. Access is provided through two revolving doors with aluminum frames .

Sources

  • chicago.curbed.com
  • www.degruyter.com
  • explore.chicagocollections.org
  • aiachicago.tumblr.com